Floods and landslides are among Rwanda's biggest calamities, having a significant impact on human lives, human development, property, infrastructure, and the environment as a result of topographical factors, excessive rain, and mining activities. The design and implementation of IoT-based floods and landslide disaster monitoring and SMS alert system detect and monitor parameters of flood and landslide disasters at specific high-risk zones of Norther province in Rwanda by using wireless sensor network such as flow sensor, water level sensor, soil moisture sensor, accelerometer sensor, and ultrasonic sensor deployed at those specific areas for collecting flood and landslide parameters.

Each sensor node is connected to a microcontroller board, which collects and processes sensed data, analyzes it, and then sends parameters to a cloud platform for timely analysis and monitoring. The technology automatically compares the measured data with the predetermined threshold value for the likelihood of a disaster caused by a landslide or flood. If the measured values exceed the threshold values that are settled, an alert message generate and data sent to the ThingSpeak cloud platform and through the use of a Global System for Mobile (GSM) as warning notification to the affected citizens for those do not subscribe mobile data or do not have any internet connection then to nearest relevant authorities to take action accordingly and provide a required support to the vulnerable people and properties before predicted time for saving live and environment.

The system also estimates and provides the time it would take for a flood or landslide to reach them so that they can escape accordingly. Use a recursive algorithm created in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) editor using the Arduino C programming language, which is understood by the Arduino wide microcontroller.