This 7-in-1 soil sensor is a versatile and high-precision device designed to monitor key soil parameters including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH level, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, and humidity. Built for long-term use in outdoor or greenhouse environments, the sensor offers fast response time, stable output, and excellent durability. It is fully waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and vacuum-potted, making it ideal for continuous soil monitoring.

How It Works
The 7-in-1 soil sensor operates by using integrated sensing elements to detect and quantify various soil parameters:

NPK Measurement: It uses ion-selective electrodes to detect the concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) ions in the soil. These nutrients are critical for plant growth, and their values help determine soil fertility.

pH Sensing: A pH-sensitive glass electrode measures the hydrogen ion activity in the soil, indicating how acidic or alkaline the soil is. This helps determine the suitability of the soil for different crops.

Electrical Conductivity (EC): The sensor measures the soil's ability to conduct electricity, which reflects the overall salt concentration. High EC may indicate excessive fertilizer or poor drainage.

Temperature & Humidity: Built-in temperature and moisture sensors monitor the soil's climate conditions. These readings are vital for managing irrigation and ensuring optimal root development.

Note: All readings are collected and transmitted via RS485 communication using the Modbus protocol. This allows easy integration with data loggers, IoT platforms, or microcontrollers like Arduino or ESP32 for real-time monitoring and control.